Joan Semmel: An Other View: Xavier Hufkens

The earliest work in the exhibition is one of Semmel’s iconic sex paintings from 1971. Painted in reaction to the commercial exploitation of female bodies, Semmel sought to create an erotic visual language that would speak to women. Her belief that female repression begins in the sexual arena was another catalyst. Using the body as a structural form, and colours that betray her Abstract Expressionist roots, these pioneering works are intimate yet devoid of sentimentality. The contemporaneous Self-Image series, represented by two works on paper, mark a turning point in her practice: the beginning of the intense focus on her own body. A key aim was to challenge the male gaze in Western painting and popular culture. Hence her decision to become both observer and subject in her work, transcending the traditional themes of vulnerability and seduction. Crucially, she opted to paint her body from her own point of view, both in a literal and figurative sense. This is clear in a work like Weathered (2018): the viewer observes the female body from within the frame, so to speak, as if looking through the eyes of the artist.

Works such as Baroque (2002) and Disappearing (2006) highlight important devices in Semmel’s work: mannequins, mirrors and cameras. Each object has a clear purpose. Baroque features a discarded mannequin, which Semmel found on the streets of New York. The painting is a dark critique on consumer culture and, in her own words “the mass production of the desirable female image”. The lifeless forms allude to the cult of youth and how women can be ‘discarded’ once they reach a certain age. On the other hand, mirrors and cameras, which are also featured in Baroque, have an empowering function. Semmel points the camera at a mirror to take a self-portrait but, via the reflection, simultaneously trains it on the viewer. A tripling of the female body — real (the foot on the glass), artificial (mannequin) and illusory (reflection) — but also a reversal of the female gaze: through the camera, the viewer also becomes a subject of the work. A painting about looking and being looked at. The mirror alludes to the artificiality of images and the construction of identity, but also to art itself: paintings and photographs are illusions, never the reality. Disappearing, which is based on a photograph, is noteworthy for replicating the blur of the original image in pigments, thereby creating a sense of movement.

Joan Semmel’s work invites viewers to reconsider the ways in which women’s bodies are perceived and represented in art, in society, and in contemporary culture. Says the artist: “Reimagining the nude without objectifying the person, using my own body, made it clear that the artist was female and undercut the stereotypes of the male artist and the female muse. I wanted to subvert that tradition from within.”

Joan Semmel (b. 1932, New York) lives and works in New York and East Hampton. She was recently the subject of a large-scale retrospective Skin in the Game that opened at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 2021 and toured to the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, in 2022. She presented A Lucid Eye at the Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York, in 2013. Public collections include the Art Institute of Chicago, IL; Brooklyn Museum, NY; The Museum of Modern Art, NY; Tate, London, United Kingdom; and Whitney Museum of American Art, NY, among others.